Decompression applies intermittent traction to the spine at carefully calculated angles and pressures. The traction creates gentle negative pressure inside the affected discs. That helps draw disc material back toward its proper position and encourages blood, oxygen and nutrients to flow into the injured area.
Over a series of treatments, this process takes pressure off irritated nerves, reduces inflammation and restores more normal motion to the spine. Most patients find the treatment comfortable and even relaxing, and many notice a change within a few sessions.
Discs are the cushions between the vertebrae. With age, injury or years of heavy work they can bulge, herniate or wear thin, and a disc that presses on a nerve can send pain, numbness or tingling down an arm or leg. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has a clear overview of back pain and its causes.